Angličtina
Conferences on technical and engineering ceramics are held with increasing frequency, having become fashionable because the potential of ceramics in profitable growth industries is an urgent matter of considerable debate and discussion. Japanese predictions are that the market value of ceramics will grow 10 at about 10% per annum to reach at least $10 by the end of the century. Seventy per cent of this market will be in electroceramics, applications for which include insulating substrates in integrated circuits, ferroelectric capacitors, piezoelectric oscillators and transdu cers, ferrite magnets, and ion-conducting solid electrolytes and sen sors. All these are oxides, and so are excluded by the title of the Limerick Conference. Why 'Non-oxide'? The other major ceramics potential is in struc tural engineering components and engine applications. Here, the greatest impetus to research and development has been the attempt to produce a ceramic gas turbine. Heat engines become more efficient as their working temperature increases, but nickel-base superalloy en gines have about reached their limit. Compared with metals, ceramics have higher strengths at high temperatures, better oxidation and corrosion resistance, and are also less dense. In general, ceramics have better properties above about 1000°C except in one respect-their inherent brittleness. The work of fracture is therefore much smaller than for metals and so the permitted flaw size is also smaller.
